Publications
Francisco Garcia Bulle Bueno, Liam Kendall; Denise Araujo Alves; Manuel Lequerica Tamara; Tim A. Heard; Tanya Latty; Ros Gloag (2023) Stingless bee floral visitation in the global tropics and subtropics. Global Ecology and Conservation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02454
Francisco Garcia Bulle Bueno; Charles F. Dos Santos; Alex Otesbelgue; Denise Araujo Alves; Cristiano Menezes; Johan van Veen; Betina Blochtein; Rosalyn Gloag; Tim A. Heard; Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca. (2023) The queens of the stingless bees: from egg to adulthood, Insectes Sociaux DOI:10.1007/s00040-022-00894-0.
Grace Paul, Louisa Bartels, Francisco Garcia Bulle Bueno, Genevieve Law, Tim Heard, Nadine Chapman, Gabriele Buchmann, Julianne Lim, Rosalyn Gloag (2023) Shifting range in a stingless bee leads to pre-mating reproductive interference between species. Conservation Genetics, 10.1007/s10592-023-01512-7.
Sebastian Koethe, Lara Reinartz, Tim Heard, Adrian G. Dyer, Klaus Lunau (2022) Comparative psychopysics of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) and stingless bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) colour purity and intensity perception. Journal of Comparative Physiology A https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-022-01581-y
Lau I. H., J. P. Hereward, T. J. Smith, T. A. Heard, G.H. Walter (2022) Inter-colony fights in Tetragonula stingless bees result in temporary mixed-species worker cohorts. Apidologie, Apidologie (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-022-00936-3
Garcia Bulle Bueno, Francisco; Buchmann, Gabriele; Garcia Bulle Bueno, Bernardo; Gloag, Ros; Heard, Tim; Hosoi, Peko; Latty, Tanya; Oldroyd, Benjamin (2022) Males are capable of long-distance dispersal in a stingless bee. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.843156/full
R. Gloag, J.P. Smith, R.E. Stephens, T.A. Heard & M. Beekman (2021) Australian stingless bees detect odours left at food sources by nestmates, conspecifics and honey bees. Insects Sociaux volume 68, 151–159, DOI: 10.1007/s00040-021-00823-7.
Rachele S. Wilson a,f,*, Alexander Keller b,c, Alison Shapcott a, Sara D. Leonhardt, Wiebke Sickel e, Jane L. Hardwick f, Tim A. Heard g, Benjamin F. Kaluza h, Helen M. Wallace (2021) Many small rather than few large sources identified in long-term bee pollen diets in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 310 107296 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107296
Perichon, S. Heard, T.A. Schouten, C. (2020) Perceptions of keepers of stingless bees (Tetragonula, Austroplebeia) regarding Aboriginal beliefs and practices in Australia, Journal of Apicultural Research, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00218839.2020.1842590
Trinkl, M.; Kaluza, B.F.; Wallace, H.; Heard, T.A.; Keller, A.; Leonhardt, S.D. (2020) Floral Species Richness Correlates with Changes in the Nutritional Quality of Larval Diets in a Stingless Bee. Insects 11, 125, https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11020125.
Kaluza, B.F., H.M. Wallace, T.A. Heard, V. Minden, A.-M. Klein and S.D. Leonhardt (2018) Social bees are fitter in more biodiverse environments. Scientific Reports 8: 12353, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30126-0.
Wang, S. Wittwer, B Heard, T.A., Goodger, J. Q. D. and Elgar M.A. (2018) Non-volatile chemicals provide a nest defense mechanism in Tetragonula carbonaria (Apidae, Meliponini). (Ethology, 1-8), DOI: 10.1111/eth.12768.
Heard, T.A. (2018) Crop pollination using stingless
bees in Australia. In: Roubik, D.W. (Ed.) The pollination of cultivated plants:
a compendium for practitioners, Volume 2, FAO Rome. Pages 79-88.
Roubik, D.W., Heard T.A. & Kwapong P. (2018) Stingless
bee colonies & pollination. In: Roubik, D.W. (Ed.) The pollination of
cultivated plants: a compendium for practitioners, Volume 2, FAO Rome. Pages
39-64.
Chapman,
N. C., Byatt, M., Cocenza, R. D. S., Nguyen, L. M., Heard, T. A., Latty, T.,
& Oldroyd, B. P. (2017) Anthropogenic hive movements are changing the
genetic structure of a stingless bee (Tetragonula
carbonaria) population along the east coast of Australia. Conservation
Genetics, DOI10.1007/s10592-017-1040-9.
Kaluza, Benjamin; Wallace, Helen; Keller, Alexander;
Heard, Tim; Jeffers, Bradley; Drescher, Nora; Blüthgen, Nico; Leonhardt, Sara. (2017)
Bees benefit from biodiversity by maximizing diversity intake in plant species
rich and resource abundant environments Ecosphere 8:e01758-n/a · DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.1758.
Kaluza, B. F., H. Wallace, T. A. Heard, A.-M. Klein and S. D. Leonhardt (2016). "Urban gardens promote bee foraging over natural habitats and plantations." Ecology and Evolution: doi: 10.1002/ece1003.1941.
Leonhardt S.D., Kaluza B.F.WallaceH, Heard T.A. (2016) Resources or landmarks: Which factors drive homing success in Tetragonula carbonaria foraging in natural and disturbed landscapes? Journal of Comparative Physiology A 202:701-8. doi: 10.1007/s00359-016-1100-5.
Smith, J. P., Heard, T. A., Gloag R. & Beekman M. (2016) Flight range of the Australian stingless bee, Tetragonula carbonaria (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Austral Entomology, doi: 10.1111/aen.12206.
Heard, T. (2016) How Australia’s stingless bees came to be. Wildlife Australia Autumn 2016 pp 26-27.
Heard, T.A. (2016) Chapter 1: Bee Biology and Behaviour,
in AgGuide: Australian Native Bees, NSW Department of Primary Industries. Pp
7-20.
Heard, T.A. and Hogendoorn K. (2016) Chapter 2: Bees as
pollinators, in AgGuide: Australian Native Bees, NSW Department of Primary
Industries. Pp 21-26. ISBN 9781742569567
Heard, T.A. and Hogendoorn K. (2016) Chapter 4: Native
bees for pollination services in agriculture, in AgGuide: Australian Native
Bees, NSW Department of Primary Industries. Pp 37-44.
Smith, T. and Heard, T.A. (2016) Chapter 6: Creating
artificial nest sites for Australain solitary and semi-social bees, in AgGuide:
Australian Native Bees, NSW Department of Primary Industries. Pp 57-72.
Heard, T.A. (2016) Chapter 8: Stingless Bees, in
AgGuide: Australian Native Bees, NSW Department of Primary Industries. Pp
107-140. 9781742569567
Massaro CF, Smyth TJ, Smyth WF, Heard T, Leonhardt SD, Katouli M, Wallace HM and Brooks P. (2015) Phloroglucinols from Anti-Microbial Deposit-Resins of Australian Stingless Bees (Tetragonula carbonaria). Phytotherapy Research 29: 48–58.
Massaro, C., Katouli, M., Grkovic, T., Vu, H., Quinn, R. J., Heard, T. A., Carvalho, C., Manley-Harris, M., Wallace, H., & Brooks, P. (2014). Anti-staphylococcal activity of C-methyl flavanones from propolis of Australian stingless bees (Tetragonula carbonaria) and fruit resins of Corymbia torelliana (Myrtaceae). Fitoterapia, 95, 247-257.
Massaro CF, Shelley D, Heard TA, and Brooks P. (2014) In Vitro Antibacterial Phenolic Extracts from “Sugarbag” Pot-Honeys of Australian Stingless Bees (Tetragonula carbonaria). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62: 12209−12217.
Cunningham J. P., Hereward J. P., Heard T.A., De Barro P.J. & West S.A. (2014) Bees at War: interspecific battles and nest usurpation in stingless bees. American Naturalist 184(6): 777-786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/678399.
Nunes T.M., Heard T.A., Venturieri G. and Oldroyd B. (2014) Emergency queens in Tetragonula carbonaria (Smith ,1854) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini). Austral Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12104.
Leonhardt SD, Heard TA, Wallace H (2014) Different foraging strategies in two sympatric Australian stingless bee species. Apidologie 45: 514–527. DOI: 10.1007/s13592-013-0266-x.
Massaro, C., Katouli, M., Grkovic, T., Vu, H., Quinn, R. J., Heard, T. A., Carvalho, C., Manley-Harris, M., Wallace, H., & Brooks, P. (2014). Anti-staphylococcal activity of C-methyl flavanones from propolis of Australian stingless bees (Tetragonula carbonaria) and fruit resins of Corymbia torelliana (Myrtaceae). Fitoterapia, 95, 247-257.
Halcroft M., Spooner-Hart R, Haigh AM, Heard TA and Dollin A 2013. The Australian stingless bee industry: a follow-up survey, one decade on. Journal of Apicultural Research 52: 1-7.
Brito R.M., Schaerf T.M., Myerscough M.R., Heard T.A., Oldroyd, B.P. (2012) Brood comb construction by the stingless bees Tetragonula hockingsi and Tetragonula carbonaria. Swarm Intelligence 6: 151-176.
Heard, T. (2011) Australian native stingless bees – recent research on a species with a variety of potential commercial applications. Queensland Entomological Society News Bulletin. 39: 26-28.
Norgate M, Boyd-Gerny S, Simonov V, Rosa MGP, Heard T.A., and Dyer A.G. (2010) Ambient Temperature Influences Australian Native Stingless Bee (Trigona carbonaria) Preference for Warm Nectar. PLoS ONE 5(8): e12000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012000.
Boorn K.L., Khor Y.-Y., Sweetman E., Tan F., Heard T.A. and Hammer, K.A. (2010) Antimicrobial activity of honey from the stingless bee Trigona carbonaria determined by agar diffusion, agar dilution, broth microdilution and time-kill methodology. Journal of Applied Microbiology 108: 1534-1543.
Oddo, L P; Heard, T A; Rodriguez-Malaver, A; Perez, R A; Fernandez-Muino, M; Sancho, M T; Sesta, G; Lusco, L; Vit, P (2008) Composition and antioxidant activity of Trigona carbonaria honey from Australia. Journal of Medicinal Food 11: 789-784.
Irish J., Heard T. A., Carter DA, Blair SE. (2008) Antibacterial activity of honey from the Australian stingless bee Trigona carbonaria. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 32: 89-90.
Gloag, R. S., Heard, T. A., Beekman, M. B., Oldroyd, B. P. (2008) Nest defence in a stingless bee: What causes fighting swarms in Trigona carbonaria (Hymenoptera: Meliponini)? Insectes Sociaux 55: 387-391.
Gloag, R. S., Beekman, M. B., Heard, T. A., Oldroyd, B. P. (2007) No worker reproduction in the Australian stingless bee, Trigona carbonaria Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Insectes Sociaux 15: 412-417.
Vit P; Rodríguez-Malaver A; Almeida D; Almeida Souza B; Carlos Marchini L; Fernández Díaz C; Esther Tricio A; Khan Villas-Bôas J; Heard, TA. (2006) A scientific event to promote knowledge regarding honey from stingless bees: 1. physical-chemical composition. Magistra 18: 270-276.
Souza BA, Roubik DW, Barth OM, Heard TA, Enriquez E, Carvalho CAL, Villas-Bôas JK, Marchini LC, Locatelli JC, Persano-Oddo L, Almeida-Muradian, LB, Bogdanov S. Vit P, (2006) Composition of stingless bee honey: setting quality standards. Interciencia 31: 857-875.
Heard, T.A. (2006) Traditional stingless beekeeping in Mexico. Entomological Society of Queensland News Bulletin. 34: 151-154.
Cortopassi-Laurino, M., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V.L. Roubik, D.W., Dollin, A., Heard, T., Bengoa Aguilar, I., Venturieri, G.C., Eardley, C., Nogueira-Neto P. (2006) Global Meliponiculture: challenges and opportunities. Apidologie 37: 1-17?
Heard, T (2003) Native stingless bees: biology, conservation and economic utilisation. Queensland Entomological Society News Bulletin. 31: 134-141.
Cunningham, S.A., Fitzgibbon, F. and Heard T.A. (2002) The future of pollination in Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53: 893-900.
White, D. Cribb B.W. and Heard, T.A. (2001) Flower constancy of the stingless bee, Trigona carbonaria Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 61-64.
Heard, T.A. and Dollin, A. (2000) Stingless beekeeping in Australia, snapshot of an infant industry. Bee World 82: 116-125.
Amano K. Nemoto, T. and Heard T.A. (2000) What are the Stingless Bees, and Why and How to Use Them as Crop Pollinators? - a Review. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 34: 183-190.
Heard, T. (2000) Could Aussie stingless bees pollinate avocado? Aussie Bee 15: 20-21.
Heard, T.A. (1999) The role of stingless bees in crop pollination. Annual Review of Entomology 44: 183-206.
Heard, T. (1999) Leafcutter bees and crop pollination. Aussie Bee 9: 6-7.
Heard, T. (1999) Pollination of mangoes: flies or stingless bees. Aussie Bee 11: 11.
Heard, T.A. and Dollin A. (1998) Crop pollination with native stingless bees. Native bees of Australia Series, Booklet 6, Australian Native Bee Research Centre: Sydney.
Heard, T. (1998) Amegilla native bees and the pollination of cardamom. Aussie Bee 6: 12.
Heard, T. (1998) Stingless bees as pollinators of macadamia. Aussie Bee 7: 8.
Heard, T. (1998) Carpenter bees and the pollination of passionfruit. Aussie Bee 8: 6-7.
Dollin A. and Heard, T.A. (1997) Beekeeping with native stingless bees in Australia. Native bees of Australia Series, Booklet 5, Australian Native Bee Research Centre: Sydney.
Heard, T.A. (1996) The stingless bees. Nature Australia Spring 1996 pp. 50-55.
Yamane, S., Heard, T.A. and Sakagami, S.F. (1995). Oviposition behaviour of the stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponinae) XVI. Trigona (Tetragonula) carbonaria endemic to Australia, with a highly integrated oviposition process. Japanese Journal of Entomology 63: 275-296.
Heard, T.A. (1994) Behaviour and pollinator efficiency of stingless bees and honey bees on macadamia flowers. Journal of Apicultural Research 33: 191-198.
Heard, T.A. and Exley, E.M. (1994) Diversity, abundance and distribution of insect visitors to macadamia flowers. Environmental Entomology 23: 91-100.
Heard, T.A. and Hendrikz, J.K. (1993) Factors influencing flight activity of colonies of the stingless bee, Trigona carbonaria (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 41: 343-353.
Heard, T.A. (1993) Pollinator requirements and flowering patterns of Macadamia integrifolia. Australian Journal of Botany 41: 491-497.
Heard, T.A.; Vithanage, V. and Chacko, E.K. (1990) Pollination biology of cashew in the Northern Territory of Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41: 1101-1114.
Heard, T.A. (1988) Propagation of hives of the stingless bee Trigona carbonaria. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 27: 303-304.
Heard, T.A. (1988) Establishment and propagation of hives of native stingless bees for orchard pollination. Rare Fruits Council of Australia Inc. Newsletter, no. 52 pp 12-14.
Heard, T.A. (1988) Establishment and propagation of hives of native stingless bees. Australasian Beekeeper.
Heard, T.A. (1988) Establishment and propagation of hives of native stingless bees for pollination of macadamia. Australian Macadamia Society News Bulletin 16 (2): 10-13.
Fain, A. and Heard, T.A. (1987) Description and life cycle of Cerophagus trigona spec. nov. (Acari, Acaridae), associated with the stingless bee Trigona carbonaria Smith in Australia. Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 57: 197-202.